There are several different reference and citation styles available. Styles are well-established practices and conventions. One can select and use a particular style depending on the discipline in which one works and the widely used style in the respective domain. The library has provided the links to more specific resources below.
AAA Style (American Anthropological Association) is the citation style used by many anthropologists, and it is the style used in all AAA journals.
ACS Style (American Chemical Society) is the definitive source for all information needed to write, review, submit, and edit scholarly and scientific manuscripts. It is an established resource for the chemistry community.
AIP Style (American Institute of Physics) has a Style Manual that specifies how to format documents for submission to an AIP journal. AIP is the format commonly used in the field of physics.
AMS Style (American Mathematical Society) refers to the citation format of the AMS which includes Journal of Algebra, Communications in Algebra, Proceedings in the American Mathematical Society, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, and American Mathematical Monthly among others.
AP Style (Associated Press) is an American English grammar style and usage guide created by American journalists working for or connected with the Associated Press journalism cooperative.
APA Style (American Psychological Association) is the citation style used in most of the social sciences as well as some of the natural sciences.
APSA Style (American Political Science Association) is the citation style used by many political science scholars and it is the style used in all APSA journals.
ASA Style (American Sociological Association) is designed for use by authors preparing manuscripts for publication in American Sociological Association journals.
ASABE Style (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) may use for research papers in the fields of agriculture, biochemistry, and biosystems engineering.
ASME Style (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) is used for submissions to ASME journals, conferences and other publications in the field of mechanical engineering.
Chicago Style (Chicago Manual of Style) is the citation style preferred by historians, but is also often used in other arts and humanities subjects. Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition) is available in the Central Library.
GSA Style (Geological Society of America) is compulsory for the authors who want to publish their papers in the GSA journals.
IEEE Style (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is used primarily for electronics, engineering, telecommunications, computer science, and information technology reports.
Harvard Style is used primarily in education area and is also known as Parenthetical referencing, because in this style partial citations are enclosed within parenthesis and embedded in the text, either within or after a sentence.
MHRA Style (Modern Humanities Research Association) is widely useful to students and other authors, to editors, and to publishers of texts written mainly in English.
MLA Style (Modern Language Association) is the citation style most commonly used by literature and language scholars, but is also often used in other humanities subjects. MLA Handbook (9th Edition) is available in the Central Library.
Turabian Style is widely used in humanity and social science subjects. It offers the option of using an author-date system with notes and parenthetical references. Bibliography items are listed alphabetically at the end of the research paper.
Vancouver Style is the citation style used by most biomedical journals and many scientific journals. It is also known as the "author-number" system, is a way of writing references in academic papers.
In this example section, we have taken one reference Journal Article details and show how the same article looks in different Citation Styles.
Type of the Item: Journal Article
Author(s): Peter A. Cawood, Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Fabio A. Capitanio, Prasanna M. Gunawardana, Oliver Nebel
Journal Title: Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System
Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics
Volume: 60; Issue No: 4
DOI: 10.1029/2022RG000789
Date Published: December 2022
Click on the buttons inside the tabbed menu for different Citation Styles:
American Anthropology Association Style
Cawood, Peter A., Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, et al. 2022 Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System. Reviews of Geophysics 60(4). American Geophysical Union (AGU). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789
American Chemical Society Style
(1) Cawood, P. A.; Chowdhury, P.; Mulder, J. A.; Hawkesworth, C. J.; Capitanio, F. A.; Gunawardana, P. M.; Nebel, O. Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System. Reviews of Geophysics 2022, 60 (4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789.
American Institute of Physics Style
1 P.A. Cawood, P. Chowdhury, J.A. Mulder, C.J. Hawkesworth, F.A. Capitanio, P.M. Gunawardana, and O. Nebel, Reviews of Geophysics 60, (2022).
American Psychological Association Style
Cawood, P. A., Chowdhury, P., Mulder, J. A., Hawkesworth, C. J., Capitanio, F. A., Gunawardana, P. M., & Nebel, O. (2022, December). Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System. Reviews of Geophysics, 60(4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789
American Political Science Association Style
Cawood, Peter A. et al. 2022. “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System.” Reviews of Geophysics 60(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789.
American Sociological Association Style
Cawood, Peter A., Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Fabio A. Capitanio, Prasanna M. Gunawardana, and Oliver Nebel. 2022. “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System.” Reviews of Geophysics 60(4). doi: 10.1029/2022rg000789.
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Style
Cawood, P. A., Chowdhury, P., Mulder, J. A., Hawkesworth, C. J., Capitanio, F. A., Gunawardana, P. M., Nebel, O. (2022). Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System. Reviews of Geophysics, 60(4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789
American Society Of Mechanical Engineers Style
[1]Cawood, P. A., Chowdhury, P., Mulder, J. A., Hawkesworth, C. J., Capitanio, F. A., Gunawardana, P. M., and Nebel, O., 2022, “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System,” Reviews of Geophysics, 60(4).
Chicago Style
Cawood, Peter A., Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Fabio A. Capitanio, Prasanna M. Gunawardana, and Oliver Nebel. “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System.” Reviews of Geophysics 60, no. 4 (December 2022). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789.
Geological Society of America Style
Cawood, P.A., Chowdhury, P., Mulder, J.A., Hawkesworth, C.J., Capitanio, F.A., Gunawardana, P.M., and Nebel, O., 2022, Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 60, doi:10.1029/2022rg000789.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Style
[1]P. A. Cawood et al., “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System,” Reviews of Geophysics, vol. 60, no. 4, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1029/2022rg000789.
Modern Humanities Research Association Style
Cawood, Peter A., Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Fabio A. Capitanio, Prasanna M. Gunawardana, and others, “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System,” Reviews of Geophysics, 60.4 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789
Modern Language Association Style
Cawood, Peter A., et al. “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System.” Reviews of Geophysics, vol. 60, no. 4, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Dec. 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789.
Oxford University Press Style
Cawood, Peter A., Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Fabio A. Capitanio, Prasanna M. Gunawardana, and Oliver Nebel. “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System.” Reviews of Geophysics 60, no. 4 (December 2022). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789.
Royal Society of Chemistry Style
1P. A. Cawood, P. Chowdhury, J. A. Mulder, C. J. Hawkesworth, F. A. Capitanio, P. M. Gunawardana and O. Nebel, Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System, Reviews of Geophysics, DOI:10.1029/2022rg000789.
Turabian Style
Cawood, Peter A., Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Fabio A. Capitanio, Prasanna M. Gunawardana, and Oliver Nebel. 2022. “Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System.” Reviews of Geophysics 60, no. 4 (December). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789.
Vancouver Style
1. Cawood PA, Chowdhury P, Mulder JA, Hawkesworth CJ, Capitanio FA, Gunawardana PM, et al. Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System. Reviews of Geophysics [Internet]. American Geophysical Union (AGU); 2022; 60(4). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022rg000789.
In this example section, we have taken one reference Book Chapter details and show how the same book chapter looks in different Citation Styles.
Author(s): Amarjeet Nayak, Joe Varghese Yeldho and Prajnaa Ananyaa
Chapter Title: Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi" as a Case Study
Book Title: Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia
Pages: 1-14
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
ISBN: 978-981-16-1914-4
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
Published Year: April 2022
Click on the buttons inside the tabbed menu for different Citation Styles:
American Anthropology Association Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, Joe Varghese Yeldho, and Prajnaa Ananyaa 2022 Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi” as a Case Study. In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia Pp. 1–14. Singapore: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
American Chemical Society Style
Nayak, A.; Yeldho, J. V.; Ananyaa, P. Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi" as a Case Study. In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia; Springer Nature: Singapore, 2022; pp 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
American Institute of Physics Style
1 A. Nayak, J.V. Yeldho, and P. Ananyaa, in Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia (Springer Nature, Singapore, 2022), pp. 1–14
American Psychological Association Style
Nayak, A., Yeldho, J. V., & Ananyaa, P. (2022). Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi" as a Case Study. In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia (pp. 1–14). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
American Political Science Association Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, Joe Varghese Yeldho, and Prajnaa Ananyaa. 2022. "Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Odia Short Story ‘Dak Munsi' as a Case Study." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, Singapore: Springer Nature, 1–14. doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
American Sociological Association Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, Joe Varghese Yeldho, and Prajnaa Ananyaa. 2022. "Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story 'Dak Munsi' as a Case Study." Pp. 1–14 in Handbook of Aging, Health, and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia. Singapore: Springer Nature.
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Style
Nayak, A., Yeldho, J. V., Ananyaa, P. (2022). Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi" as a Case Study. In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia (pp. 1–14). Singapore: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
American Society Of Mechanical Engineers Style
[1] Nayak, A., Yeldho, J. V., and Ananyaa, P., 2022, “Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story 'Dak Munsi' as a Case Study," Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, Springer Nature, Singapore, pp. 1–14.
Chicago Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, Joe Varghese Yeldho, and Prajnaa Ananyaa. 2022. “Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story ‘Dak Munsi' as a Case Study." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
Geological Society of America Style
Nayak, A., Yeldho, J.V., and Ananyaa, P., 2022, Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi" as a Case Study, in Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, Singapore, Springer Nature, p. 1–14, doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Style
[1] A. Nayak, J. V. Yeldho, and P. Ananyaa, "Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Odia Short Story 'Dak Munsi' as a Case Study," in Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, Singapore: Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
Modern Humanities Research Association Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, Joe Varghese Yeldho, and Prajnaa Ananyaa. 2022. ‘Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi" as a Case Study’, in Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia (Singapore: Springer Nature), pp. 1–14
Modern Language Association Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, et al. "Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story ‘Dak Munsi’ as a Case Study." Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 1–14. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
Oxford University Press Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, Joe Varghese Yeldho, and Prajnaa Ananyaa. "Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story ‘Dak Munsi' as a Case Study." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia (Singapore: Springer Nature, 2022), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
Royal Society of Chemistry Style
1 A. Nayak, J. V. Yeldho and P. Ananyaa, in Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, Springer Nature, Singapore, 2022, pp. 1–14.
Turabian Style
Nayak, Amarjeet, Joe Varghese Yeldho, and Prajnaa Ananyaa. 2022. "Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Odia Short Story ‘Dak Munsi’ as a Case Study." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
Vancouver Style
1. Nayak A, Yeldho JV, Ananyaa P. Exploring Literary Representations of Ageism and Coping Mechanisms, Through Fakir Mohan Senapati's Odia Short Story "Dak Munsi" as a Case Study. In: Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy: Perspectives from Asia [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Nature; 2022. p. 1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_134-1
In this example section, we have taken one Conference Proceedings details and show how the same paper looks in different Citation Styles.
Type of the Item: Conference Proceeding
Author(s): Swain, P. K
Proceeding Title: Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus
Conference Title: 44th All India Sociological Conference
Year: 2018
Click on the buttons inside the tabbed menu for different Citation Styles:
American Anthropology Association Style
Swain, P. K 2018 44th All India Sociological Conference. In Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus.
American Chemical Society Style
Swain, P. K. In Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus; 2018.
American Institute of Physics Style
1 P.K. Swain, in Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus (2018).
American Psychological Association Style
Swain, P. K. (2018). 44th All India Sociological Conference. In Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus.
American Political Science Association Style
Swain, P. K. 2018. “44th All India Sociological Conference.” In Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus,.
American Sociological Association Style
Swain, P. K. 2018. “44th All India Sociological Conference.” in Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus.
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Style
Swain, P. K.. (2018). Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus. In 44th All India Sociological Conference.
American Society Of Mechanical Engineers Style
[1]Swain, P. K., 2018, “44th All India Sociological Conference,” Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus.
Chicago Style
Swain, P. K. “44th All India Sociological Conference.” In Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus, 2018.
Geological Society of America Style
Swain, P.K., 2018, 44th All India Sociological Conference, in Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus,.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Style
[1] P. K. Swain, “44th All India Sociological Conference,” in Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus, 2018
Modern Humanities Research Association Style
Swain, P. K, ‘44th All India Sociological Conference’, in Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus, 2018
Modern Language Association Style
Swain, P. K. “44th All India Sociological Conference.” Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus, 2018.
Oxford University Press Style
Swain PK. 44th All India Sociological Conference. Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus. 2018.
Royal Society of Chemistry Style
1P. K. Swain, in Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus, 2018.
Turabian Style
Swain, P. K. “44th All India Sociological Conference.” In Gender Based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus, 2018.
Vancouver Style
1. Swain PK. 44th All India Sociological Conference. In: Gender based Marginalization and the Social Context of Risk Perception: Everyday Life in University Campus. 2018.
In this example section, we have taken one Webpage URL and show how the same Webpage URL looks in different Citation Styles.
Type of the Item: Web Page
WebPage Title: National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page
Designed on: 2022
Click on the buttons inside the tabbed menu for different Citation Styles:
American Anthropology Association Style
National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page 2022. https://www.niser.ac.in/.
American Chemical Society Style
(1) National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page https://www.niser.ac.in/.
American Institute of Physics Style
1(2022).
American Psychological Association Style
National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page. (2022). https://www.niser.ac.in/
American Political Science Association Style
“National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page.” 2022. https://www.niser.ac.in/.
American Sociological Association Style
Anon. 2022. “National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page.” Retrieved (https://www.niser.ac.in/).
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Style
National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page. (2022). Retrieved from https://www.niser.ac.in/
American Society Of Mechanical Engineers Style
[1]2022, “National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page” [Online]. Available: https://www.niser.ac.in/.
Chicago Style
“National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page,” 2022. https://www.niser.ac.in/.
Geological Society of America Style
National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page, 2022, https://www.niser.ac.in/.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Style
[1]“National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page,” 2022. https://www.niser.ac.in/
Modern Humanities Research Association Style
“National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page,” 2022
Modern Language Association Style
National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page. 2022, www.niser.ac.in.
Oxford University Press Style
“National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page,” 2022. https://www.niser.ac.in/.
Royal Society of Chemistry Style
1National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page, https://www.niser.ac.in/.
Turabian Style
“National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page.” 2022. 2022. https://www.niser.ac.in/.
Vancouver Style
1. National Institute of Science Education Research Home Page. 2022. Available from: https://www.niser.ac.in/
